Fuzzy based PID controller using VHDL for Transportation Application

Nowadays, accidents in highways are increased due to the increase in the number of vehicles. To avoid collisions between vehicles the speed of the vehicle is reduced or the driver is alerted when it nears the preceding vehicle. In this VLSI design project, we will design a PID controller based on fuzzy logic using Very Highspeed Integration Circuit Hardware language for automobile’s cruising system. 

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Overview

For creating the PID-type Fuzzy Logic Controller hardware system the Mamdani fuzzy logic interface is examined and generated in MATLAB. Then PID-type Fuzzy Logic Controller behaviour is simulated using VHDL language. The results from MATLAB and VHDL are compared and used for designing the hardware implementation of PID-type controller.

To obtain the Register Transfer Level hardware architecture of the PID, VHDL codes are manufactured with the help of the synthesize tool from Quartus II environment.

PID controller - It is a feedback control mechanism used in industries for a variety of applications. PID controller is widely used in Multirotor flight controller, high-speed train, motor drivers, etc. It is used in industries to achieve more accuracy in controlling the temperature, regulating water flow, maintaining the pressure level, etc.

Fuzzy control system - This is a control system based on fuzzy logic, it is an approach to computing based on “degrees of truth” rather than the usual “true or false”. Fuzzy logic works similar to our brain, where our brain interprets data and creates a number of partial truths and when the limit is exceeded the brain performs the actions.

Following are the procedures followed in this project:

• PID controller with fuzzy algorithm
• MATLAB simulation
• Modelling of PID controller using VHDL
• Comparison of results in MATLAB and VHDL
• Synthesis of VHDL design codes

The inputs of the PID fuzzy controller is computed in MATLAB. The inputs of the controller are calculated for the following:

• Error input = crisp input
• Delta error input = current error - previous error
• (Delta)² error input = current delta error - previous delta error

From the Matlab simulation result, it is observed that the value of error is reduced to zero. Now we will model the PID controller using VHDL. The VHDL algorithm successfully decreases the error to the setpoint. Both results from the simulation of Matlab and VHDL is compared to achieve the specification of a PID-type FLC system for designing the VLSI chip.

The VHDL codes are synthesised in a hierarchical manner with the help of HDL library browser. Initially, VHDL building blocks are processed into Register Transfer Level (RTL) block for all the modules of the PID controller system. The components of modules are gates, multiplier, registers and flip-flops.

This Fuzzy based PID controller is used in transportation cruising system to avoid collision between the other vehicles. The cruising controller developed in this project is cheaper compared to the other controllers which can be used in entry-level vehicles.

When two vehicles are very near the system will generate force to decelerate the vehicle and also it alerts the driver to apply the brakes.

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• Xilinx
• Verilog

• Electronic
• VHDL
• Verilog
• Xilinx
• Embedded systems
• VLSI design

Fuzzy based PID controller using VHDL for Transportation Application