Design and VLSI implementation of anti-collision robot processor using RFID technology

Nowadays, robots are used for various applications. From home to big industries robots are implemented to perform repetitive and difficult jobs. Robots are preferred over human workers because robots are machines which can able to work 24x7 without getting tired. Because of its wide range of applications some industries use multiple robots in the same place. In such a case, there might be a chance of collision between robots. To solve this problem we are going to propose a solution using RFID tags.

In this VLSI design project, we are going to develop an anti-collision robot processor which is combined with a smart algorithm to avoid crashes with other robots and physical objects using RFID. The algorithm is implemented in VHDL (VHSIC - HDL Very Highspeed Integrated Circuit - Hardware Description Language) and simulated using Xilinx simulation software.

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RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) is an electronic device which uses Radiofrequency for communication. Basically, RFID consists of two components RFID tag and reader. The RFID tag is attached to moving objects like shipments, animals, vehicles, goods, etc. The reader interprets the information stored in the tag and passes the information to another system which is called RFID middleware. Following are common frequencies used by the RFID system:

• (860-960 MHz) Ultra-high frequency
• (13.56 MHz) High frequency
• (125 MHz) Low frequency

There are some RFID readers which can interpret different frequencies but most of the RFID readers can detect the tags only of a single frequency.

Project Implementation

In the multi-robot environment Multiple robots will be moving here and there our aim is to design a processor by combining the advantages of VLSI design which can detect and avoid the collision within a fraction of second with the help of RFID technology.

All the robots are fitted with a special processor and a writable active tags. For dynamic objects, “state bit” is 01 and for static objects “state bit” is 00. The RFID reader is also fitted with the robots to read the RFID tags.

The workspace is divided into different zones and the active RFID tag is placed on static objects like walls, pillars of the particular zone. These RFID tags give the zone ID and the distance between the tag (static objects) and the reader (robot). With the help of Friss free-space propagation equation, the distance between the reader and the tag is calculated.

The algorithm is written by considering the distance between the static objects, the direction of motion of other robots, the velocity of the robots, etc. All processor attached to the robots will follow this algorithm.

Next, perform the design and simulation of the robot processor circuit by generating VHDL code from the subsystems. With proper input signal, the VHDL code is simulated using Xilinx software for each operational block. Again the simulation is performed after integrating all the operational blocks into a single processor.

HDL synthesis report, RTL schematic view and the device utilization chart of the processor are obtained after the successful synthesis of the processor design.

Applications of this technology

Because of its flexible applications, it is used in various places:

Military and space: Rescue operations in the battlefield

Supermarket: It helps to transport goods without colliding with other robots.

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• Verilog
• Xilinx

• VHDL
• Electronic
• Embedded Systems
• Robotics
• VLSI design

Design and VLSI implementation of anti-collision robot processor using RFID technology