Pneumatic Braking System

A brake is a device by means of which frictional resistance is applies to a moving machine member, in order to retard or stop the motion of a machine. Most commonly brakes use friction between two surfaces pressed together to convert the kinetic energy of the moving object into heat slow down the motion of the vehicle.

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A brake which uses air as working fluid is a pneumatic brake. The system actuated to apply this phenomenon is known as Pneumatic Brake System. A pneumatic brake or a compressed air brake system, is a type of friction brake for vehicles in which compressed air pressing on piston is used to apply the brake pad to stop the vehicle.

You need the microcontroller to control the braking system. An ultrasonic sensor is measures the distance of the object in front of it. The Relay with solenoid valve is connected to the Pneumatic cylinder.

Project Description:

1. AT89S52: The AT89S52 is a low power, high performance CMOS 8-bit microcontroller with 8k bytes of in-system programmable flash memory. This is a powerful microcontroller which provides high flexibility and cost effective solution to many embedded control applications. It has the following standard features: 8K bytes of flash, 256 bytes of RAM, 32 I/O lines, watchdog timer, 2 data pointers, 3 16-bit timers/counters, on-chip oscillator and clock circuitry.
2. Ultrasonic Sensor: The ultrasonic sensor sends out a high frequency sound pulse and then times how long it takes for the echo of the sound to reflect back.

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1. Relay: A relay is an electrically operated switch.It can handles the high power required to directly control an elecric motro or other loadas is called relay or contactor.
2. Solenoid Valve: A solenoid valve is an electromechanically operated valve. The valve is controlled by an electric current through a solenoid: in the case of a two-port valve the flow is switched on or off; in the case of a three-port valve, the outflow is switched between the two outlet ports.
3. Pneumatic Cylinder: Pneumatic cylinder are mechanical devices that use compressed air acting on a piston inside a cylinder to move a load along a linear path. Unlike their hydraulic alternatives,the operating fluid in a pneumatic actuator is simply aicontanminate surrounding area.

Project Brief: Whenever an object is front the ultrasonic sensor, according to program to particular distance of the vehicle the emergency brake should open to apply pressure on the brake of the wheel, the relay trip at the emergency the solenoid valve trips the pneumatic cylinder is released with air press to apply the brake to stop the motion of the vehicle.

Software requirements:

1. Keil Uvision 3: Keil Software makes C compilers, macro assemblers, real-time kernels, debuggers, simulators, integrated environments and evaluation boards for the 8051, 251, ARM and XC16x/C16x/ST10 microcontroller families
2. Programming language: Embedded C language

• Micro controller
• Relay
• Ultrasonic Sensor
• Pneumatic Cylinder
• Solenoid Valve

• Brake System
• Pneumatic

Pneumatic Braking System