The new generation launching system StarTram is a proposal for a maglev space launch system. The initial Generation 1 facility would be cargo only, launching from a mountain peak at an altitude of 3 to 7 kilometres with an evacuated tube staying at local surface level; it has been claimed that about 150,000 tons could be lifted to orbit annually.
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An advanced technology is required Generation 2 system for passengers with a longer track instead gradually curving up at its end to the thinner air at 22 kilometres (14 mi) altitude, supported by magnetic levitation, reducing g-forces when each capsule transitions from the vacuum tube to the atmosphere.
James R. Powell invented the superconducting maglev concept in the 1960s with a colleague, Gordon Danby, also at Brookhaven National Laboratory.
A StarTram design was first published in a 2001 paper making reference to a 1994 paper on MagLifter. The MagLifter concept involved maglev launch assist for a few hundred m/s with a short track, 90% projected efficiency.
The Gen-1 system proposes to accelerate unmanned craft at 30g through a 130-kilometer long tunnel using plasma window preventing vacuum loss at exit's of mechanical shutter, evacuated of air with an MHD pump
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After exiting the launch tube, the heating rate of nose shape is around 30 kW/cm2 at the stagnation point, but drops below 10 kW/cm2 within a few seconds.
Transpiration water cooling is planned consuming up to 100 liters/m2 of water/second. The tunnel tube has no superconductors, no cryogenic cooling requirements, and none of it is at higher elevation than the local ground surface.
The Gen-2 StarTram is used for reusable manned capsules, intended to be low g-force, 2 to 3 g acceleration in the launch tube and an elevated exit at such high altitude that peak aerodynamic deceleration becomes 1g
The Gen-2 system requires 1,000 to 1,500 kilometres length for such a slow acceleration. An alternative, Gen-1.5, would launch passenger spacecraft at 4 kilometres per second from a mountaintop at around 6000 meters above sea level from 270 km tunnel accelerating at 3g.
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